Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Research Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Screening, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Personalized Medicine Research Center of AmitisGen, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Nanotechnology involves the creation and manipulation of materials at nanoscale to create products that exhibit novel properties. Nano-TiO2, as one of the top five nanoparticles in annual production, is widely applied in industries ranging from healthcare to drug delivery. The properties of nanoTiO2 have raised concerns regarding toxicity. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and a flow cytometer were used to detect apoptosis. A significant increase in apoptosis was observed at concentrations of TiO2-NP of 50-100 µg/ml, varying between 25-40% apoptosis by 24 h. To further investigate the aptotic and toxic effects of these substances, it is recommended that this study be performed in the in vivo phase.

Keywords

1. Newman MD, Stotland M, Ellis JI (2009) The safety of 
nanosized particles in titanium dioxide- and zinc oxide-based 
sunscreens. J Am Acad Dermatol 61: 685–692.
2. Oberdorster G, Oberdorster E, Oberdorster J (2005) 
Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies 
of ultrafine particles. Environ Health Perspect 113: 823–839.
3. Marquis BJ, Love SA, Braun KL, Haynes CL (2009) 
Analytical methods to assess nanoparticle toxicity. Analyst 134: 
425–439.
4. Donaldson K, Stone V, Tran CL, Kreyling W, Borm PJ (2004) 
Nanotoxicology. Occup Environ Med 61: 727–728.
5. Nel A, Xia T, Madler L, Li N (2006) Toxic potential of 
materials at the nanolevel. Science 311: 622–627.
6. Yang W, Peters JI, Williams RO III (2008) Inhaled 
nanoparticles–a current review. Int J Pharm 356: 239–247.
7. Chen HW, Su SF, Chien CT, Lin WH, Yu SL, et al. (2006) 
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce emphysema-like lung 
injury in mice. FASEB J 20: 2393–2395.
8. Wang J, Zhou G, Chen C, Yu H, Wang T, et al. (2007) Acute 
toxicity and biodistribution of different sized titanium dioxide 
particles in mice after oral administration. Toxicol Lett 168: 
176–185.
9. Oberdorster G, Finkelstein JN, Johnston C, Gelein R, Cox C, 
et al.. (2000) Acute pulmonary effects of ultrafine particles in 
rats and mice. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 5–74.
10. Sohaebuddin SK, Thevenot PT, Baker D, Eaton JW, Tang L 
(2010) Nanomaterial cytotoxicity is composition, size, and cell 
type dependent. Part Fibre Toxicol 7: 22.
11. Gurr JR, Wang AS, Chen CH, Jan KY (2005) Ultrafine 
titanium dioxide particles in the absence of photoactivation can 
induce oxidative damage to human bronchial epithelial cells. 
Toxicology 213: 66–73.
12. Hussain SM, Hess KL, Gearhart JM, Geiss KT, Schlager JJ 
(2005) In vitro toxicity of nanoparticles in BRL 3A rat liver 
cells. Toxicol In Vitro 19: 975–983.
13. Sayes CM, Wahi R, Kurian PA, Liu Y, West JL, et al. (2006) 
Correlating nanoscale titania structure with toxicity: a 
cytotoxicity and inflammatory response study with human 
dermal fibroblasts and human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Sci 
92: 174–185.14. Kang SJ, Kim BM, Lee YJ, Chung HW (2008) Titanium 
dioxide nanoparticles trigger p53-mediated damage response in 
peripheral blood lymphocytes. Environ Mol Mutagen 49: 399–
405.