Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University of East Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of North Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of East Tehran, Tehran, Iran

5 Reference health laboratory, Ministry of health and medical education

Abstract

The current study identified pathogenic variables associated with increased mortality risk in infectious diseases using predictive analysis and a combination of genotypic, phenotypic, and medical data. The quick nucleic acid-based clinical assessment might affect the spread of hospital-acquired illnesses, and we think that such life-saving operations should be carried out closer to the individual, preferably in 24/7 medical facilities' specialized labs. Personalized medicine notions are relevant in infections for the (rapid) characterization of a disease-causing microbial community and perseverance of its antibiotic susceptibility characteristic to guide a suitable antibiotic therapy for the proper care of the individual. Personalized medicine aims to interrogate a patient's genetic data, and pharmacodynamics polymorphisms, and guide drug options and dosage. This work demonstrates the potential use of fundamental genetic analysis in treating infectious diseases and theoretically justifies the value of customized therapy

Keywords

1.Xiong MH, Bao Y, Yang XZ, Zhu YH, Wang J. Delivery of antibiotics with polymeric particles. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2014 Nov 30;78:63-76.
2.Jensen SO, van Hal SJ. Personalized medicine and infectious disease management. Trends in microbiology. 2017 Nov 1;25(11):875-6.
3.Lambert ML, Suetens C, Savey A, Palomar M, Hiesmayr M, Morales I, Agodi A, Frank U, Mertens K, Schumacher M, Wolkewitz M. Clinical outcomes of health-care-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance in patients admitted to European intensive-care units: a cohort study. The Lancet infectious diseases. 2011 Jan 1;11(1):30-8.
4.Shorr AF, Tabak YP, Killian AD, Gupta V, Liu LZ, Kollef MH. Healthcare-associated bloodstream infection: a distinct entity? Insights from a large US database. Critical care medicine. 2006 Oct 1;34(10):2588-95.
5.Ghajari G, Nabiuni M, Amini E. The association between testicular toxicity induced by Li2Co3 and protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum: Alteration of Bax & c-Kit genes expression. Tissue and Cell. 2021 Oct 1;72:101552.
6.Ghajari G, Heydari A, Ghorbani M. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy and female infertility: limitations and advances. Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy. 2022 May 11.
7.Ghajari G, Moosavi R. Evaluation of THe Effects of Diazinon Toxin on Some Reproductive Parameters In Male Rats.
8.Van Hal SJ, Jensen SO, Vaska VL, Espedido BA, Paterson DL, Gosbell IB. Predictors of mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2012 Apr;25(2):362-86.
9.Gharaghie T, Jegargoshe-Shirin N, Saremi-Nouri S, Khademhosseini SH, Hoseinnezhad-Lazarjani E, Mousavi A, Kabiri H, Rajaei N, Riahi A, Farhadi-Biregani A, Fatehi-Ghahfarokhi S. Effects of Imipenem-containing Niosome nanoparticles against high prevalence methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis biofilm formed. Scientific reports. 2022 Mar 24;12(1):1-3.
10.Beiranvand S, Piri‐Gharaghie T, Dehganzad B, Khedmati F, Jalali F, AsadAlizadeh M, Momtaz H. Novel NAD‐independent Avibacterium paragallinarum: Isolation, characterization and molecular identification in Iran. Veterinary Medicine and Science. 2022 May;8(3):1157-65.
11.Recker M, Laabei M, Toleman MS, Reuter S, Saunderson RB, Blane B, Török ME, Ouadi K, Stevens E, Yokoyama M, Steventon J. Clonal differences in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia-associated mortality. Nature microbiology. 2017 Oct;2(10):1381-8.
12.Gharaghie T, Doosti A, Mirzaei SA. Identification of Antigenic Properties of Acinetobacter baumannii Proteins as Novel Putative Vaccine Candidates Using Reverse Vaccinology Approach. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2022 Jun 7:1-23.
13.Piri-Gharaghie T, Doosti A, Mirzaei SA. Fabrication and Characterization of pcDNA3. 1 (+) Location within Chitosan/Nanoparticles Complexes for Enhanced Gene Delivery. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology. 2022 Jul 1;20(3):88-100.
14.Schmidt K, Mwaigwisya S, Crossman LC, Doumith M, Munroe D, Pires C, Khan AM, Woodford N, Saunders NJ, Wain J, O’grady J. Identification of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance directly from clinical urines by nanopore-based metagenomic sequencing. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2016 Sep 25;72(1):104-14.
15.Recker M, Laabei M, Toleman MS, Reuter S, Saunderson RB, Blane B, Török ME, Ouadi K, Stevens E, Yokoyama M, Steventon J. Clonal differences in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia-associated mortality. Nature microbiology. 2017 Oct;2(10):1381-8.
16.Piri Gharaghie T, Beiranvand S, Doosti A, Ghadiri AH, Haji Mohammadi S. A review of the epidemiology and clinical signs of SARS-COV-2. New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Journal. 2020 Nov 10;11(41):103-20.
17.Piri Gharaghie T, Beiranvand S, Hajimohammadi S. Comparison of Antifungal Effects of Aquatic and Alcoholic Extract of Mentha pulegium L. With Fluconazole on Growth of Candida Albicans. Developmental Biology. 2021 May 22;13(2):7-18.Haghighi N, Doosti A, Kiani J. Evaluation of CRISPR/Cas9 system effects on knocking out NEAT1 gene in AGS gastric cancer cell line with therapeutic perspective. Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer. 2021 Aug 6:1-9.
18.Piri Gharaghie T, Doosti A, Mirzaei SA. Detection of T6SS secretory system and membrane purine involved in antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Journal of Microbial World. 2021 May 22;14(1).
19.Zarinnezhad A, Shahhoseini MH, Piri Gharaghie T. Evaluating the Relative Frequency of Fungal Infections in the Serum of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Subjects Using PCR. Biological Journal of Microorganism. 2021 Mar 21;10(37):37-50.
20.Piri-Gharaghie T, Zarinnezhad A, Naghian B, Babaei R. Molecular Detection of Fungal APR1 Gene in Serum of Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Personalized Medicine Research. Personalized Medicine Journal. 2022 Jun 1;7(25):15-24.
21.Piri Gharaghie T, Beiranvand S, Ghadiri A, Hajimohammadi S. A review of bioinformatics studies on the function of structural and non-structural proteins and the level of glycoprotein inhibiting Heme metabolism by SARS-CoV-2 virus. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal. 2022 May 22;21(2).
22.Ren Y, Wang W, Zhang X, Xu Y, Di Bisceglie AM, Fan X. Evidence for deleterious hepatitis C virus quasispecies mutation loads that differentiate the response patterns in IFN-based antiviral therapy. The Journal of general virology. 2016 Feb;97(Pt 2):334.
23.Piri Gharaghie T, Doosti A, Mirzaei SA. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Acinetobacter spp. infections in Shahrekord medical centers. Developmental Biology. 2021 Nov 22;13(4):35-46.
24.Gharaghie P. Tohid, and Seyed Ataollah Sadat Shandiz.”. The Inhibitory Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Bap Gene Expression in Antibiotic-Resistant Acientobacter bumanni Isolates using Real-Time PCR.” scientific journal of ilam university of medical sciences. 2018;26:175-85.
25.Faraji H, Yazdi FT, Razmi N. The influence of ultraviolet radiation on aflatoxin producing Aspergillus species’ isolated from Iranian rice. Toxicology Reports. 2022 Jan 1;9:1528-36.
26.Azadbakht N, Doosti A, Jami MS. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated LINC00511 knockout strategies, increased apoptosis of breast cancer cells via suppressing antiapoptotic genes. Biological procedures online. 2022 Dec;24(1):1-5.
27.Zong TX, Silveira AP, Morais JA, Sampaio MC, Muehlmann LA, Zhang J, Jiang CS, Liu SK. Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Nano-Drug Delivery Systems. Nanomaterials. 2022 Jan;12(11):1855.
28.Kabiri-Samani S, Sanatgaran M, Shojaei-Barjoei N, Moosavi R, Shaqaqi P, Kabiri H. Alternatives to Antibiotics GOAL: ELEVATING Antibiotic Resistance During the Post-COVID Period. Personalized Medicine Journal. 2022 Jun 1;7(25):36-42.
29.Vallieres M, Kay-Rivest E, Perrin LJ, Liem X, Furstoss C, Aerts HJ, Khaouam N, Nguyen-Tan PF, Wang CS, Sultanem K, Seuntjens J. Radiomics strategies for risk assessment of tumour failure in head-and-neck cancer. Scientific reports. 2017 Aug 31;7(1):1-4.
30.Mostaghimi H, Ahmadabad FG, Rezaei H. Super-selective intra-arterial platinum-based chemotherapy concurrent with low-dose-rate plaque brachytherapy in the treatment of retinoblastoma: A simulation study. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics. 2021 Jan 1;17(1):130.
31.Langs-Barlow A, Paintsil E. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 sequence diversity on antiretroviral therapy outcomes. Viruses. 2014 Oct 20;6(10):3855-72.
32.Karimi M, Ghazikhanlou-Sani K, Mehdizadeh AR, Mostaghimi H. Lead-free transparent shields for diagnostic X-rays: Monte Carlo simulation and measurements. Radiological Physics and Technology. 2020 Sep;13(3):276-87.
33.van Hal SJ, Steen JA, Espedido BA, Grimmond SM, Cooper MA, Holden MT, Bentley SD, Gosbell IB, Jensen SO. In vivo evolution of antimicrobial resistance in a series of Staphylococcus aureus patient isolates: the entire picture or a cautionary tale?. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2014 Feb 1;69(2):363-7.
34.Meyers CM, Seeff LB, Stehman-Breen CO, Hoofnagle JH. Hepatitis C and renal disease: an update. American journal of kidney diseases. 2003 Oct 1;42(4):631-57.
35.Smith WM, Pham TH, Lei L, Dou J, Soomro AH, Beatson SA, Dykes GA, Turner MS. Heat resistance and salt hypersensitivity in Lactococcus lactis due to spontaneous mutation of llmg_1816 (gdpP) induced by high-temperature growth. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2012 Nov 1;78(21):7753-9.
36.Koch A, Mizrahi V, Warner DF. The impact of drug resistance on Mycobacterium tuberculosis physiology: what can we learn from rifampicin?. Emerging microbes & infections. 2014 Jan 1;3(1):1-1.
37.Doosti A, Ghasemi Dehkordi P, Rahimi E. Molecular assay to fraud identification of meat products. Journal of food science and technology. 2014 Jan;51(1):148-52.