Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor. GBM exhibits rapid growth and invasiveness along with a nadir prognosis. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), combined with activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, contributes to GBM progression and associated therapy resistance. Pentagalloylglucose (PGG), a polyphenolic compound from nature, has been shown to be anticancer in multiple cancers by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and EMT. The objectives are to demonstrate the effects of PGG on GBM cells and examine the modulation of EMT and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Methods: U87-MG cells were treated with PGG (0.5–40 µM) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The expression levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Slug, as well as β-catenin, were quantified by qRT-PCR. Cell migration was evaluated using a wound healing assay. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.
Results: PGG demonstrated a marked reduction in cell viability in a dose- and duration-dependent manner with IC₅₀ values at 18.4, 12.7, and 8.9 µM at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. The upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin, Vimentin, and the Snail protein show that mesenchymal markers are being transcriptionally silenced. It was also a striking loss of β-catenin expression, which suggests Wnt/β-catenin suppression. Wound healing assay showed that PGG treatment resulted in a marked reduction of cell migration.
Conclusion: PGG significantly inhibits the progression of GBM by inhibiting EMT and downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Overall, PGG has potential as a natural, low-toxicity therapeutic or combinatory drug for glioblastoma, and future studies in vivo and in human trials will be needed to reaffirm this conclusion.

Abstract Asthma is one of the most common non-communicable diseases characterized by reversible obstruction of airflow. It poses many problems for all age groups from infancy to old age. Various studies have shown that the occurrence of viral infections is associated with the severity of asthma symptoms so it can be prevented by controlling viral agents. In this study, the severity of the symptoms of persistent severe asthma with Haemophilus influenza infection was investigated. 31 patients with asthma with different degrees of disease were studied in this study. The results showed that in patients with asthma, the percentage of people with Haemophilus influenza was 71% and in 29% of other asthma cases, Haemophilus influenza virus was not observed. The relationship between asthma, cough and dyspnea with Haemophilus influenza infection showed that with increasing asthma symptoms, the severity of infection increases, and no significant association was observed between cough and dyspnea with Haemophilus influenza. Therefore, the results of this study clearly show that Haemophilus influenzae virus causes asthma symptoms to worsen in patients.

Abstract Background: Campylobacter, a zoonotic pathogen, is the primary bacterial agent responsible for gastrointestinal (GI) infections in humans. Domestic animals, including cattle, are reservoirs of this bacterium, and can be one of the main sources of infection transmission to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter species using a multiplex PCR assay in cattle in the Gorgan province.
Materials and Methods: A total of 200 fecal samples were collected from healthy dairy cattle and genus and species were identified using multiplex PCR.
Results: The frequency of the genus Campylobacter in 200 samples in our study was 17.5% (35 cases), C. jejuni and C. coli species were not identified in these 35 cases.
Conclusion: Isolating Campylobacter from animal fecal samples is a challenging process, but this study showed that Campylobacter contamination was relatively high in cattle in the Gorgan province, and its transmission to humans through meat consumption must be monitored.

Abstract Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study investigates the association of MMP2 (rs7201) and MMP9 (rs17576) polymorphisms with PTC risk and clinical characteristics, aiming to inform personalized medicine approaches.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 210 PTC patients and 210 controls. Genotype frequencies were analyzed using Chi-Square tests, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Associations with clinical characteristics (T Status, N Status, Stage) were assessed in PTC patients.
Results: The MMP2 rs7201 CC genotype was significantly associated with increased PTC risk (OR = 3.524, 95% CI = 1.809–6.867, p = 0.001) and advanced T Status (T3: 48.6%, p = 0.029), but not with N Status (p = 0.509) or Stage (p = 0.461). The C allele was more frequent in cases (44%) than controls (32%) (OR = 1.590, p = 0.001). Conversely, MMP9 rs17576 showed no association with PTC risk (GG: OR = 0.727, p = 0.277) or clinical characteristics (p > 0.05). Both polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls.
Conclusion: The MMP2 rs7201 CC genotype and C allele are associated with increased PTC risk and tumor progression, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for personalized risk stratification. These findings support genotype-based screening to identify high-risk PTC patients, enabling tailored surveillance and therapeutic strategies. Further studies are needed to validate these associations and explore their utility in precision medicine.

Abstract This issue is related to the time when the magazine was published in Persian language. The magazine has been published in English since 2019. You can download all the articles.

Abstract This issue is related to the time when the magazine was published in Persian language. The magazine has been published in English since 2019. You can download all the articles.

Abstract This issue is related to the time when the magazine was published in Persian language. The magazine has been published in English since 2019. You can download all the articles.

Abstract This issue is related to the time when the magazine was published in Persian language. The magazine has been published in English since 2019. You can download all the articles.

Abstract This issue is related to the time when the magazine was published in Persian language. The magazine has been published in English since 2019. You can download all the articles.

Abstract Abstract
  This issue is related to the time when the magazine was published in Persian language. The magazine has been published in English since 2019. You can download all the articles.

Abstract This issue is related to the time when the magazine was published in Persian language. The magazine has been published in English since 2019. You can download all the articles.

Abstract Background: Menopause comes along with a set of hormonal and physiological changes that can change cardiovascular responses during surgeries, along with altering pain perception. This research intends to analyze pain intensity during and after anesthesia and changes in hemodynamics in pre- and post-menopausal women during elective abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia.
Methods: Elective surgery patients, in this case, were 88 in number, with each division having 44 patients (before menopause and after). Women in each group were defined as premenopausal (n=44) and postmenopausal (n=44) in equal proportion. Other metrics looked at were Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), also known as SpO₂. Patients’ heart rate and SpO₂ were checked during the surgery and after the surgery as well. Pain was assessed with the use of standardized scale methods, and participants were questioned on the pain felt during the post-operative period.
Results: While the premenopause cohort showed lower fluctuations in sensitivity to changes in SBP, DBP, and HR during and after anesthesia, the Postmenopause cohort exhibited the opposite (p<0.05). In each group, the SpO₂ levels were maintained within normal limits and showed no significant group differences. In the postoperative period, the pain score was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group with lower pain tolerance and a higher requirement for analgesic treatment. Spoken demographics such as age, body mass index (BMI), and other associated conditions showed a moderating influence on the hemodynamic response and pain outcomes.
Conclusion: Following menopause, diminished vascular adaptability, along with increased sympathetic tone and decreased central pain modulatory control due to lack of estrogen, might explain the instability of hemodynamics and increased postoperative pain. These observations could help in the formulation of appropriate anaesthetic techniques and postoperative pain relief policies in relation to the reproductive status of women.