Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract  Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are characterized by the immune system’s maladaptive response against self-antigens, culminating in chronic inflammation and progressive tissue damage. Although genetic predisposition establishes baseline susceptibility, environmental pollutants—such as heavy metals, pesticides, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and industrial chemicals—are increasingly recognized as pivotal triggers of immune dysregulation. These xenobiotics induce oxidative stress, disrupt immune tolerance by impairing regulatory T-cell function, and modulate critical signaling pathways including NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK-STAT. Epidemiological studies corroborate associations between pollutant exposure and heightened incidence or severity of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes. This review synthesizes molecular, cellular, and population-based evidence to elucidate the mechanisms by which environmental pollution contributes to the onset and progression of AIDs.

Abstract Recent research has pinpointed cancer as the primary cause of death on a global scale. Various traditional medications and cytotoxic immunotherapies have been established and are now accessible on the market. Given the intricate nature of tumor activity and the multitude of genetic and cellular elements implicated in the development and spread of cancers, it is imperative to create a highly effective immunotherapy that can specifically target tumors at both the cellular and genetic levels. In the clinical context, cancer immunotherapy is growing more and more significant, particularly for tumors that are resistant to traditional chemotherapy and targeted treatments. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a new method of modifying T cells taken from a patient's blood in a laboratory setting. These modified T cells are created to express artificial receptors that specifically target a particular tumor antigen. These specifically recognize the tumor antigen without the participation of the major histocompatibility complex. The use of CAR therapy has the promise of providing a prompt and more secure treatment regimen for both non-solid and solid malignancies. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and progress made in CAR immunotherapy.

Abstract Precision medicine is a medical approach that involves customizing therapy for an individual by using extensive biological and external data. The rapid progress in the disciplines of molecular biology, gene sequencing, machine learning, and related technologies has facilitated the use of precision medicine. This approach utilizes the wealth of comprehensive information obtained from these advancements to improve the decision-making process in clinical treatment for individuals, particularly in real-time scenarios during the progression of a disease. Diabetes mellitus is a significant worldwide health issue, requiring the implementation of novel strategies to enhance patient outcomes. The efficacy of conventional treatment options that use a uniform approach has been shown to be limited in effectively addressing the heterogeneous character of the illness. In recent times, personalized medicine has surfaced as a revolutionary resolution, customizing treatment strategies in accordance with an individual's health attributes, lifestyle choices, and genetic composition. This review underscores the significance of genetic screening in forecasting susceptibility to diabetes and treatment response, while also emphasizing the potential of pharmacogenomics to optimize medication selection.

Abstract The goal of precision medicine (PM) is to provide each patient with the treatment and therapy with the optimum  results without significant adverse side effects. PM play an  essential role in patient care as well as therapy because it tailores the medicine on the individual basis, thus decreasing  side effect associated with the drug administration and expediting the treatment as well . Antidepressant drug sertraline (SRT) is currently  prescribed to treat mental disorders. This study aimed to determine how much Ganoderma lucidum protects against SRT-induced testicular damage in mice. Mice were given SRT (at a dosage of 30 mg/kg) orally for 35 consecutive days. For 35 days straight, rats receiving SRT were also given G. lucidum extract (at a dosage of 300 mg/kg). SRT therapy caused immediate testicular injury, as evidenced by the significant degeneration and necrosis of the germ cell lining and an increase in sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Additionally, evaluation of sperm parameters using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) results demonstrated a substantially lower volume, movement, and survival of sperm in the SRT-treated group (p < 0.001). Administering G. lucidum extracts to animals that had received SRT may have reduced their histological changes. G. lucidum significantly decreased spermatozoa’s lipid peroxidation, and its antioxidant defenses were strengthened. Finally, G. lucidum protects mice›s testicles from harm brought on by SRT, most likely due to its capacity to inhibit reactive oxygen species.

Abstract The current study identified pathogenic variables associated with increased mortality risk in infectious diseases using predictive analysis and a combination of genotypic, phenotypic, and medical data. The quick nucleic acid-based clinical assessment might affect the spread of hospital-acquired illnesses, and we think that such life-saving operations should be carried out closer to the individual, preferably in 24/7 medical facilities' specialized labs. Personalized medicine notions are relevant in infections for the (rapid) characterization of a disease-causing microbial community and perseverance of its antibiotic susceptibility characteristic to guide a suitable antibiotic therapy for the proper care of the individual. Personalized medicine aims to interrogate a patient's genetic data, and pharmacodynamics polymorphisms, and guide drug options and dosage. This work demonstrates the potential use of fundamental genetic analysis in treating infectious diseases and theoretically justifies the value of customized therapy

Abstract We present a Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Grade IV patient, diagnosed at 46 years of age, with multiple relapse from the diagnosis and demonstrating a poor prognosis after 3 cycles of treatments. A clinical comprehensive genomic profile was performed with the goal of finding potential actionable molecular alterations. The patient showed significant symptomatic and laboratory improvement with a combination chemotherapy determined by the molecular profiling, which would otherwise not have been considered. The mentioned approach was conducted since no other targeted therapies seemed actionable for him.

Abstract Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and it ranks second among cancer deaths. Several studies have shown that FGL2 contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of infectious diseases, However, little is known about its biological functions in cancer development and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the correlation between FGL1 expression and prognosis in GC patients. gastric  cancer tissue  and adjacent healthy pecimens (n=20) were obtained from patients aged between 30 and 50 years who were diagnosed with in gastric cancer, Total RNA was extracted, Reverse transcription and qPCR was performed and Relative expression level was calculated using the 2-∆∆Cq  method. We found that the expression of FGL1 in gastric cancer tissues were obvi­ously higher than that in the adjacent tissues at mRNA levels (p <0.003).