Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), depicted by lymphocytic infiltration and demyelination. MS is associated with the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory and down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the expression level of TGF-β1, TGF-β 2, TGF-β-R1, and TGF-β-R2 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MS patients and healthy controls using Real-Time PCR. Our findings indicated that the TGF-β-R1 expression level was 2.25 times higher in controls than in MS patients. Also, a significant correlation between normalized expression of TGF-β-R1 and TGF-β1, or TGF-β2 was observed. Therefore, these genes could likely play an important role in the etiology of MS.

Abstract In this article, the features of DNA-functionalized goldnanoparticles (GNRs), including the size-dependent color, the amount of conjugated DNA, and the fluorescence quenchers will be described. DNA and aptamer conjugated GNRs can be applied for producing the colorimetric and fluorescent biosensors to detect all types of disease markers including DNA, RNA, protein and other small molecular metabolites.
The early phase of this work is performed in clean buffers and serum samples. DNA-conjugated GNRs delivery into the cells is recently used for intracellular diagnosis in personalized medicine. Simultaneously, DNA-functionalized GNRs can be used to deliver the antisense DNA for gene therapy applications.
With targeting both diagnosis and treatment applications, DNA- functionalized GNRs can be used as a suitable approach to reach theranostics purposes (diagnosis and treatment in a simultaneous manner).