Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract The goal of precision medicine (PM) is to provide each patient with the treatment and therapy with the optimum  results without significant adverse side effects. PM play an  essential role in patient care as well as therapy because it tailores the medicine on the individual basis, thus decreasing  side effect associated with the drug administration and expediting the treatment as well . Antidepressant drug sertraline (SRT) is currently  prescribed to treat mental disorders. This study aimed to determine how much Ganoderma lucidum protects against SRT-induced testicular damage in mice. Mice were given SRT (at a dosage of 30 mg/kg) orally for 35 consecutive days. For 35 days straight, rats receiving SRT were also given G. lucidum extract (at a dosage of 300 mg/kg). SRT therapy caused immediate testicular injury, as evidenced by the significant degeneration and necrosis of the germ cell lining and an increase in sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Additionally, evaluation of sperm parameters using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) results demonstrated a substantially lower volume, movement, and survival of sperm in the SRT-treated group (p < 0.001). Administering G. lucidum extracts to animals that had received SRT may have reduced their histological changes. G. lucidum significantly decreased spermatozoa’s lipid peroxidation, and its antioxidant defenses were strengthened. Finally, G. lucidum protects mice›s testicles from harm brought on by SRT, most likely due to its capacity to inhibit reactive oxygen species.

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that results in progressive joint destruction and ultimately to disability. Currently effective biologic therapies, exist for approximately  40% of patients, but disease activity remains inadequately controlled in others. Therefore, it is crucial  to identify specific markers that predict therapeutic response in various patients, prior to the initiation of therapy.  DNA methylation , as a epigenetic factor, is increasingly being explored as a potential theranostic biomarker. It has been suggested that DNA methylation might contribute to RA development, nonetheless , with conflicting results. Epigenetic modules have provided a possible interface through which genetic and environmental risk factors  contribute to the susceptibility and pathogenesis of RA. Hence,  epigenetic regulators may provide promising drug targets to develop novel therapeutic drugs for tailored treatment of RA patients. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the role of DNA methylation in RA and indicate its potential therapeutic implications.

Abstract Cancer is largely a disease of older people; the median age for cancer diagnosis in industrialised countries is approaching 70 years of age and is expected to increase. The morbidity and mortality rates of various tumors increase with age, and thus, malignant tumors are generally defined as aging diseases. The immune system has an ambiguous role in cancer, as it plays an important immune surveillance role in the antitumor response but is also closely associated with the initiation and progression of tumors. With aging we assist to the erosion of the immune response called immunosenescence. This deregulation particularly affects the T cell compartment of the adaptive immune response. In addition to the accumulation of genetic mutations, many researchers believe that immunosenescence may also play an important role in
the tumoral process. In the future, targeting immune senescent cells may be a novel interventional opportunity in cancer patients.

Abstract Humans are continuously exposed to a wide of carcinogenic and mutagenic stimuli, including environmental toxins, radiation and viruses as well as other infections. Tumor metastasis is responsible for approximately 9% of all cancer related deaths. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many distinct cell types, including endothelial cells and their precursors, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells and antigen presenting cells (APC) such as macrophages and dendritic cells. Recent evidence has shown that stromal tissue is much more than a passive bystander in the development and progression of cancers. None the lese,the clinical therapy for many types of human cancers has mainly focused on the malignant cancer cell itself, and have made great achievements, yet cancer therapy still remains a great challenge. This review highlights the evidence for the crucial role of the tumor microenvironment in tumor progression and metastasis.