Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract Precision medicine is a medical approach that involves customizing therapy for an individual by using extensive biological and external data. The rapid progress in the disciplines of molecular biology, gene sequencing, machine learning, and related technologies has facilitated the use of precision medicine. This approach utilizes the wealth of comprehensive information obtained from these advancements to improve the decision-making process in clinical treatment for individuals, particularly in real-time scenarios during the progression of a disease. Diabetes mellitus is a significant worldwide health issue, requiring the implementation of novel strategies to enhance patient outcomes. The efficacy of conventional treatment options that use a uniform approach has been shown to be limited in effectively addressing the heterogeneous character of the illness. In recent times, personalized medicine has surfaced as a revolutionary resolution, customizing treatment strategies in accordance with an individual's health attributes, lifestyle choices, and genetic composition. This review underscores the significance of genetic screening in forecasting susceptibility to diabetes and treatment response, while also emphasizing the potential of pharmacogenomics to optimize medication selection.

Abstract The goal of precision medicine (PM) is to provide each patient with the treatment and therapy with the optimum  results without significant adverse side effects. PM play an  essential role in patient care as well as therapy because it tailores the medicine on the individual basis, thus decreasing  side effect associated with the drug administration and expediting the treatment as well . Antidepressant drug sertraline (SRT) is currently  prescribed to treat mental disorders. This study aimed to determine how much Ganoderma lucidum protects against SRT-induced testicular damage in mice. Mice were given SRT (at a dosage of 30 mg/kg) orally for 35 consecutive days. For 35 days straight, rats receiving SRT were also given G. lucidum extract (at a dosage of 300 mg/kg). SRT therapy caused immediate testicular injury, as evidenced by the significant degeneration and necrosis of the germ cell lining and an increase in sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Additionally, evaluation of sperm parameters using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) results demonstrated a substantially lower volume, movement, and survival of sperm in the SRT-treated group (p < 0.001). Administering G. lucidum extracts to animals that had received SRT may have reduced their histological changes. G. lucidum significantly decreased spermatozoa’s lipid peroxidation, and its antioxidant defenses were strengthened. Finally, G. lucidum protects mice›s testicles from harm brought on by SRT, most likely due to its capacity to inhibit reactive oxygen species.

Abstract The reproductive system is affected negatively by the organophosphate insecticide diazinon (DZN). Numerous adverse effects on the reproductive system are brought on by it, including testicles degeneration, sex hormone disruption, decreased spermatogenesis, poor sperm quality, and fertility issues. The goal of the current study was to look at how diazinon affected the sperm parameter, sperm viability, and levels of sex hormones in adult male rats. The mature male rat was divided into five groups for this experiment: control (did not receive any substance), Placebo group (only 0.9 percent saline solution was consumed), and the other three groups received DZN (diazinon was administered at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg / kg for 30 days). Within 30 days after the most recent doses, animals were killed. Radioimmunoassay was used to evaluate the amounts of serum testosterone, LH, and FSH. Sperm parameters such as motility and count were measured by CASA system. Sperm viability was also calculated by eosin-nigrosin staining. Following the injection of DZN, a substantial decrease in testicular weight and sperm concentration was seen. Additionally, DZN caused a significant decrease in serum testosterone concentration as well as sperm viability. Comparing DZN groups to the control and sham groups, LH and FSH levels were higher in the DZN groups. DZN is harmful to the reproductive organs and spermatogenic cells of mammals. Application of DZN should indeed be restricted to a specific framework.

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and distant site metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is defined by the loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is a vital process for large-scale cell movement during morphogenesis at the time of embryonic development. Tumor cells usurp this developmental program to execute the multi-step process of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Understanding the biological intricacies of the EMT may provide important insights that lead to the development of therapeutic targets in pre-invasive and invasive breast cancer, and could be used as biomarkers for identifying tumor subsets with greater chances of recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance leading to death. The purpose of this article is to investigate the association between EMT and breast cancer.