Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and its frequency is rising in countries with low and middle incomes. The influence of diet on mammary carcinogenesis has been clearly demonstrated in animal models. Inadequate folate intake has been associated with several cancers, and low levels of serum folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 have been associated with increased breast cancer risk. The levels of folic acid, B6, and B12 in the plasma of 85 people with breast cancer were measured and compared with healthy people. A significant inverse trend was observed between folate intake (p-value=0.004) and vitamin B6 intake (p-value=0.0001) and breast cancer risk. Data from this study suggests that B vitamins, including folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12, may confer little or no reduction in overall risk of developing breast cancer.

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Approximately 25% of nonsmall-cell lung cancers have mutations in the EGFR gene, most of which occur in hotspot regions in exons 18, 19, 20, and 21. In-frame deletions in exon 19 (~50%) and the L858R point mutation in exon 21 (~40%) are associated with a favorable response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this study, mutations of two exons of 19 and 21 in 50 lung cancer tumor samples were investigated by the sequence method. From 50 lung cancer patients, 8 (16%) patients had an L858R (c.2573T>G) mutation, 6 (12%) patients had deletion type 1a mutation, and one patient had deletion type 1b mutation. Examining the sequence of candidate genes associated with lung cancer can be very important in choosing the right treatment approach.

Abstract HCV is a blood pathogen that affects approximately 180 million people worldwide. It has the ability to escape its host’s defense mechanism and is considered a resistant species. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of evolutionary receptors that have been identified by the diagnosis of pathogens as the main regulators of innate and acquired immune responses. Studies have shown that genetic changes in the TLR3 gene are associated with high susceptibility or resistance to immune and infectious diseases. In this study, the effects of the TLR3 gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs78726532 on susceptibility to HCV infections were examined. The association between this polymorphism and the risk of hepatitis C in 50 patients and 50 healthy subjects was investigated. The results revealed a significant relationship between polymorphism rs78726532 and hepatitis C infection (p = 0.002). Thus, it could have a therapeutic and predictive potential.

Abstract Salmonella is a group of Gram-negative rod shaped bacteria belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, 2,500 serotypes have been defined for Salmonella, are associated with 1.3 billion cases of gastroenteritis and 3 million deaths worldwide. For diagnosis of Salmonella spp. 100 vegetable samples was collected from four types of green leaves (Arugula, Leek, Celery and Cress) during February to April 2018, and then examined by cultural method using tow enrichment broth,. Afterward, Salmonella spp. were detected by PCR using Inv-A gene (796 bps). In this investigation, microbiological methods and molecular methods had been used for the diagnosis of Salmonella spp. Combination of both methods confirmed contamination of thirty samples which showed abnormal range for the contamination of vegetables in Erbil province. The present study concluded that both traditional and molecular based techniques like PCR are complementary. In this study, PCR study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. at the level of Inv-A gene from vegetables, where microbiological findings were combined with the PCR results.