Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract Recent research has uncovered a wide range of RNAs, including noncoding RNAs, and have discovered their varied modes of action inside cells. These ribonucleic acids (RNAs) play a crucial role in controlling many cellular processes and are thus anticipated to be significant targets for the treatment of human disorders. In recent years, RNA-based medicinal approaches have made significant advancements alongside their comprehensive functional research. Following extensive study and experimentation, medications based on antisense RNAs and small interfering RNAs have been successfully created and are already being used in clinical settings. Furthermore, there is now ongoing research focused on the development of pharmaceuticals using RNA aptamers and messenger RNA. In addition to the advancement of RNA-based medications, many techniques have been devised to effectively deliver RNA drugs into cells. RNA treatment offers several benefits compared to current therapeutics based on small molecules or monoclonal antibodies, mostly due to its ability to selectively target all genes inside cells. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the introduction of various RNA-based technologies and the introduction of RNA-based drugs in the market. In addition, the future prospects of RNA therapy will be addressed.

Abstract Cancer is a significant global cause of mortality, and enhancing therapy is essential to save lives and minimise adverse consequences. Aptamers, composed of DNA or RNA, have the potential for cancer treatment by precise targeting of certain molecules. Aptamers, unlike conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, have the specific objective of delivering medications directly to cancer cells, while reducing injury to healthy cells. This paper examines the process of aptamer development and utilisation in cancer treatment, with a specific emphasis on their capacity to enhance therapy and surmount drug resistance. Additionally, it explores the obstacles and potential advancements in using aptamers to transform cancer therapy.