Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, affecting both men and women with a high mortality rate. The majority of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, contributing to its poor prognosis. Early detection is crucial but challenging due to the asymptomatic nature of early-stage disease. Identifying reliable tumor markers is vital for improving diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized oncology by offering detailed insights into the genetic makeup of lung cancer. NGS allows for comprehensive genomic profiling, even from small samples, identifying mutations, gene fusions, and copy number variations. This review explores the role of NGS panels in lung cancer's early detection, particularly within personalized medicine. NGS enables clinicians to detect actionable biomarkers, tailor treatments based on individual genomic profiles, and improve outcomes. Its ability to analyze multiple genes simultaneously makes it efficient in identifying therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms. Additionally, NGS processes large datasets quickly, promoting its adoption in clinical practice. By identifying genetic mutations driving tumor development, NGS supports more precise treatment approaches, improving clinical management and reducing mortality. Its cost-effectiveness, particularly in reducing the need for multiple tests, strengthens its position in oncology. As personalized medicine advances, NGS is expected to play a key role in lung cancer's diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, with ongoing technological improvements enhancing its clinical utility.

Abstract IntroductionLung cancer is the prevailing form of cancer globally, with a significant fatality rate among both males and females. Lung cancer is the third most frequent type of cancer in Iran, and it is becoming more common all the time. Patients are frequently diagnosed in the advanced stages of the disease, which contributes to the high death rate. Therefore, the ability to identify molecular markers is essential for both early diagnosis and the choice of conventional treatment for lung cancer. Numerous genetic variations have been found to be strongly linked to the development of lung cancer, according to studies. The aim of this work is to look into the genes that contribute to the development of lung cancer.
Materials and methods: The present review was authored using search terms related to lung cancer, key genes, clinical biomarkers, and early diagnosis that were found on PubMed, NCBI, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.
Findings: Since the EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and TP53 genes are the most significant and involved in the development of lung cancer, finding mutations in these genes can be a valuable clinical diagnostic for lung cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Discussion and conclusion: With an emphasis on personalized medicine, the identification of genes linked to lung cancer may be utilized as clinical biomarkers for the disease's early diagnosis and effective treatment. The state of targeted lung cancer therapy and early detection techniques may be enhanced by molecular biomarkers. In the field of personalized medicine, identifying the genes linked to lung cancer as clinical biomarkers for early diagnosis and assessing treatment response to select a targeted treatment can be crucial in streamlining the therapeutic process, improving treatment response, lowering mortality, and lessening the material and spiritual harm this illness causes.