Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract Pharmacogenomics is a relatively new subject that utilizes genomics and pharmacology to investigate the ways in which genetic variants influence individual responses to treatment with pharmaceuticals. A departure from the conventional "one-size-fits-all" treatment strategy is marked by the advent of pharmacogenomics, which makes it possible to tailor pharmacological regimens to the specific genetic profile of an individual. Significant improvements in pharmacological efficacy, reductions in adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and assistance in the development of drugs that are both safe and effective for a wide range of conditions are all possible outcomes of this domain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prospective results of pharmacogenomics, with a particular emphasis on the function it plays in the process of drug development and its incorporation into personalized medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the genetic characteristics that influence the metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity of drugs, as well as to investigate the regulatory framework that is associated with pharmacogenomics testing. This paper provides a synopsis of the most important genes that are involved in pharmacogenomic responses, as well as a discussion of the potential difficulties that may arise in their practical use and the anticipated breakthroughs in this area of study.

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the attitude, beliefs, and perceptions among undergraduate and graduate students toward precession medicine (PM) and pharmacogenomics (PGx) practice. A cross-sectional survey is conducted amongst students from different universities in Bangladesh.The results of the survey showed that the majority of students had a positive attitude towards precision medicine and pharmacogenomics, perceiving it as a means to improve diagnosis and treatment accuracy. Furthermore, many students also expressed a willingness to learn more about precision medicine and pharmacogenomics, suggesting that there is potential for these practices to be utilized in Bangladesh. Particularly in this study, 337 students from life science and relevant programs participated. From this study, it is shown that 84% of graduate students and 74% of undergraduate students thought PM is a promising healthcare model. In addition, 39% of students are highly encouraged to pursue their post-graduation in the subject areas of PGx and PM to support patients. The majority (62%) thought that patient privacy was the ethical concern most closely related to pharmacogenomic testing, while 19% of respondents thought that data confidentiality was the key issue. The results provide insight into the potential of precision medicine and pharmacogenomics in Bangladesh and suggest that further research into the attitudes of healthcare professionals should be conducted in order to take full advantage of the potential of these practices.

Abstract Pharmacogenomics is the application of genetic and other omics data to specific medication selection and application for avoiding adverse drug reactions (ADR) and increasing drug potency. Pharmacists are playing an increasingly important role in optimizing medicine usage based on genetic testing results. Effect elucidation, genotype-guided medication and modification, medication asset, adverse reaction monitoring, and patient education are all tasks performed by pharmacists. Microbial invasion leads to infectious diseases, which have afflicted mankind from the early era, and is still impacting the health and one of the major causes of morbidity as well as mortality in the society. The response to therapy and the prognosis of an illness are also influenced by an individual’s genetic makeup. The data retrieved by genome sequencing of pathogen and humans is one further step forward in examining host-parasite interactions. Consideration of microbial pathogenicity factors, host genetic makeup, and the genetic mechanism involved in disease pathogenesis has paved the way for novel molecular approaches for medications, disease markers, and vaccinations to be discovered. The regulatory approval of amplification tests that are comparable or patronizing to existing gold standard procedures is now assisting the advancement of molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases. Progress in genetics and computation is altering the scale at which biological systems are depicted, and researchers may now expect a precision-focused variety in how they prepare for and respond to infectious diseases. This review will look at the origins and evolution of pharmacogenomics, as well as some of the controversies surrounding its therapeutic applications.

Abstract Personal medicine is based on purposeful treatment that, unlike traditional therapies, considers a person's genetic structure and medical history before establishing a treatment regimen. This science has made possible the improvement of "pharmacogenomic" knowledge, which identifies individuals who respond to a particular treatment based on their genotype information. The findings of the Cancer Genome Atlas Network show that each molecular endorsement of each BCis unique. Also, different responses to a given medication regimen have been reported among a similar group of breast cancer. Thus, personal medicine plays a role in the care of patients with breast cancer, in which a person's characteristics, including genetic characteristics, guide clinical decisions and are effective in choosing the right treatment for the patient at the right time.