Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract According to the World Health Organization, immunizations save between two and three million lives every year by avoiding illness. In addition to these immunizations, eradicating human smallpox was possible and is close to eradicating polio. In addition, vaccines have a significant economic impact because they prevent hospitalization of patients and other care costs. A vaccine is a biological product that specifically leads to acquired immunity against a pathogenic pathogen and prevents the disease in the face of the main pathogen in a person. Therefore, vaccines are an important tool for maintaining health in the global community. Traditional vaccines have been used against a wide range of pathogenic pathogens, both viral and bacterial, and have been successful. However, these vaccines do not work and are ineffective against pathogens that change rapidly in terms of genetic material and surface epitopes.
During the last decade, vaccines based on nucleic acids, viral vectors and biomaterials have shown promising results. This study has discussed an overview of traditional vaccines, mRNA-based vaccines, viral vector-based vaccines, and biomaterials.

Abstract Cancer is largely a disease of older people; the median age for cancer diagnosis in industrialised countries is approaching 70 years of age and is expected to increase. The morbidity and mortality rates of various tumors increase with age, and thus, malignant tumors are generally defined as aging diseases. The immune system has an ambiguous role in cancer, as it plays an important immune surveillance role in the antitumor response but is also closely associated with the initiation and progression of tumors. With aging we assist to the erosion of the immune response called immunosenescence. This deregulation particularly affects the T cell compartment of the adaptive immune response. In addition to the accumulation of genetic mutations, many researchers believe that immunosenescence may also play an important role in
the tumoral process. In the future, targeting immune senescent cells may be a novel interventional opportunity in cancer patients.