Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
2 Medical Microbiology Branch College of Medicine, Kufa University Al-Najaf, Iraq
Abstract
In general, people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have problems in social, emotional, and communication skills. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have suggested a potential association of the C677T polymorphism of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) with autism spectrum disorders. The present study intended to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism of MTHFR and the severity of autism symptoms in two groups of children affected by autism and healthy children to elucidate its potential role as a risk factor for ASD.
study included 40 patients with autism and 40 healthy participants with matched age as control. The samples from the participants underwent ARMS-PCR for MTHFR genotyping.
The CC genotype was reported in 50% (n=20) and 72.50% (n=29) of the children in the study and control groups, respectively, while the CT genotype was observed in 35% (n=14) of the study group and 17.50% (n=7) of the control group. Also, 15% (n=6) of the study group and 10% (n=4) of the control group had the TT genotype.
According to our results, the genotype distribution and allele prevalence were significantly different between the groups.
Keywords
S, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association
of autism Spectrum disorder in visually or hearing impaired
children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2017;37:212–24.
2. Szatmari P, Liu X-Q, Goldberg J, Zwaigenbaum L, Paterson
AD, WoodburySmith M, et al. Sex differences in repetitive
stereotyped behaviors in autism: implications for genetic liability.
Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2012;159B:5–12.
3. Eapen V, Mabrouk AA, Zoubeidi T, Yunis F. Prevalence of
pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children in the
UAE. J Trop Pediatr. 2007;53:202–5.
4. Al-Farsi YM, Al-Sharbati MM, Al-Farsi OA, Al-Shafaee
MS, Brooks DR, Waly MI. Brief report: prevalence of autistic
spectrum disorders in the Sultanate of Oman. J Autism Dev
Disord. 2011;41:821–5.
5. Richards C, Jones C, Groves L, Moss J, Oliver C. Prevalence
of autism spectrum disorder phenomenology in genetic disorders:
a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry.
2015;2:909–16.
6. Irimia A, Torgerson CM, Jacokes ZJ, Van Horn JD. The
connectomes of males and females with autism spectrum disorder
have significantly different white matter connectivity densities.
Sci Rep. 2017;7:46401.
7. Autism, Investigators DDMNSYP. Prevalence of autism
spectrum disorders: Autism and developmental disabilities
monitoring network, six sites, United States, 2000. MMWR
Surveill Summ. 2007;56:12–28.
8. Wan Y, Hu Q, Li T, Jiang L, Du Y, Feng L, et al. Prevalence of
autism spectrum disorders among children in China: a systematic
review. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2013;25:70–80.
9. Bourke J, de Klerk N, Smith T, Leonard H. Population-based
prevalence of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders
in Western Australia: a comparison with previous estimates.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e3737.
10. Diaz-Beltran L, Esteban FJ, Varma M, Ortuzk A, David
M, Wall DP. Crossdisorder comparative analysis of comorbid
conditions reveals novel autism candidate genes. BMC Genomics.
2017;18:315.
11. Ch’ng C, Kwok W, Rogic S, Pavlidis P. Meta-analysis of gene
expression in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res. 2015;8:593–
608.
12. Anderson KA, Shattuck PT, Cooper BP, Roux AM, Wagner
M. Prevalence and correlates of postsecondary residential status
among young adults with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism.
2014;18:562–70.
13. Dillenburger K, Jordan JA, McKerr L, Keenan M. The
millennium child with autism: early childhood trajectories for
health, education and economic wellbeing. Dev Neurorehabil.
2015;18:37–46.
14. Main PA, Angley MT, Thomas P, O’Doherty CE, Fenech M.
Folate and methionine metabolism in autism: a systematic review.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1598–620.
15. Melnyk S, Fuchs GJ, Schulz E, Lopez M, Kahler SG, Fussell
JJ, et al. Metabolic imbalance associated with methylation
dysregulation and oxidative damage in children with autism. J
Autism Dev Disord. 2012;42:367–77.
16. Schaevitz LR, Berger-Sweeney JE. Gene-environment
interactions and epigenetic pathways in autism: the importance of
one-carbon metabolism. ILAR J. 2012;53:322–40.
)