Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal
Where Innovations Meets Personalized and Precision Medicine

Nanoplatforms in Gastric Ulcer Therapy: A Narrative Review

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Mohammadreza Mohammad Hosseiniazar 1
Asad Hashemi 2

1 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Taleghani Hospital Urmia University of Medical Sciences

2 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Imam Khomeini Hospital Urmia University of Medical Sciences

10.22034/ppmj.2026.2091019.1072
Abstract
Introduction : Gastric ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder resulting from an imbalance between aggressive factors such as gastric acid, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and protective mucosal mechanisms. Limitations of conventional therapies, including drug resistance, systemic side effects, and suboptimal efficacy in certain patients, underscore the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles, as advanced drug delivery systems, offer promising approaches for targeted gastric mucosal therapy by enhancing drug stability, enabling site-specific delivery, and minimizing adverse effects. This review aims to analyze the therapeutic applications of nanoplatforms in the management of gastric ulcers and associated infections.
Methods: A narrative review was conducted by systematically searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to 2025. Standardized keywords included “gastric ulcer,” “nanoparticles,” “targeted drug delivery,” “Helicobacter pylori,” and “mucosal drug delivery systems.” Eligible studies comprised preclinical investigations, animal models, and relevant review articles. Data were extracted and analyzed qualitatively and thematically.
Results: The findings indicate that nanocarriers including poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), chitosan, silver, gold, selenium nanoparticles, and plant-based formulations—enhance drug bioavailability, enable controlled release, improve mucoadhesion, and achieve targeted gastric delivery. These properties collectively facilitate accelerated mucosal healing and tissue regeneration. Key mechanisms include inhibition of inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), attenuation of oxidative stress, enhancement of antioxidant defenses (SOD, CAT, NRF2), and antibacterial activity against H. pylori. Conversely, certain nanoparticles, such as titanium dioxide, may provoke local inflammation and mucosal injury, highlighting the importance of nanoparticle type and physicochemical properties.
Conclusion: Targeted nanoparticles, through controlled drug release, mucoadhesion, anti-inflammatory effects, and antibacterial activity, represent a novel and effective approach for gastric ulcer therapy However, heterogeneity in biological responses and potential toxicity necessitate further extensive preclinical studies and rigorously designed clinical trials to ensure the safety and efficacy of these nanomedicine strategies.

Keywords

Gastric ulcer
Nanoparticle
Targeted drug delivery
Nanomedicine
Subjects
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Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal
Volume 11, Issue 41 - Serial Number 41
Original article
Spring 2026
Pages 1-8

  • Receive Date 23 February 2026
  • Revise Date 27 March 2026
  • Accept Date 30 May 2026

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