Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. It develops through a gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes, leading to the transformation of normal colonic mucosa into invasive cancer. Approximately 90% of colorectal cancer cases are sporadic without family history or genetic predisposition, while in less than 10% a causative genetic event has been identified. Since personalized medicine works on three subjects of determining disease indices in people, choosing the best therapeutic method and predicting disease relapse, it seems that regarding colorectal cancer, more researches are required in order to achieve favorable results. The recent advances in molecular biology and the genetic classification of CRC are essential to individualize these therapies and will be basic for improving the treatment in the next years. We are optimistic about the success of personalized medicine for this disease.

Abstract One of the key molecular mechanisms contributing to the metastatic progression is epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which drives invasion and migration of various cancer including breast cancer.During tumorigenesis, changes in EMT regulatory pathways lead to a loss of cellular adhesions, changes in the polarization of the cell and cytoskeleton, detachment, migration, intra-vasation, and survival in the vascular system; extravasation, and finally, metastasis.EMT is largely mediated by a core set of EMT-activating transcription factors. The master regulators of the EMT include many pathways, however the primary mediators of the EMT include signaling through TGF-, Notch and Wnt.  The role of EMT in breast cancer has  been demonstrated via numerous in vitro studies in  normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells and via in vivo studies using mouse models of breast cancers. Studying the regulatory pathways of the EMT process can be used as a tool for cancer monitoring ,treatment and possible direct targets for new-combination anticancer personalized medicine.

Abstract In this article, the features of DNA-functionalized goldnanoparticles (GNRs), including the size-dependent color, the amount of conjugated DNA, and the fluorescence quenchers will be described. DNA and aptamer conjugated GNRs can be applied for producing the colorimetric and fluorescent biosensors to detect all types of disease markers including DNA, RNA, protein and other small molecular metabolites.
The early phase of this work is performed in clean buffers and serum samples. DNA-conjugated GNRs delivery into the cells is recently used for intracellular diagnosis in personalized medicine. Simultaneously, DNA-functionalized GNRs can be used to deliver the antisense DNA for gene therapy applications.
With targeting both diagnosis and treatment applications, DNA- functionalized GNRs can be used as a suitable approach to reach theranostics purposes (diagnosis and treatment in a simultaneous manner).

Abstract Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a cognitive and behavioral disease with mood fluctuation  . The 6th global problem is in adults. Disease susceptibility is affected through genetic factors, the epigenetic process marked the disease phenotype. On the other hand, the importance of DNA methylation in some neurobiological and cognitive activities such as brain development processes and activity includes psychiatric diseases like BD. Numerous long intergenic noncoding RNAs were found that regulate gene expression of several diseases and are involved in the brain and cognitive development as well as psychiatric disorders such as BD.
Despite advances in neuropsychological or biological markers discoveries which predict personalized treatment efficacy,   the clinical history and exhibition are careful and predictable markers for patient categorizing and treatment management. The aim of individualized medicine is to find vulnerability or preservative factors through genetic change.
Genetic, epigenetic factors, imaging, psychopathology and biomarkers can affect new treatments. Various studies such as family, twin, and adoption studies , linkage analysis indicated the association of HPA axis genes with vulnerability to BD. Personalized medicine applications in psychiatry focus on descriptive psychopathology and phenomenology via precise analysis and attention to each patient’s impaired brain and mood processes.
The precision medicine studies concentrate on response to lithium, main treatment of BD  , frequent mood diseases , antidepressant resistant prediction ,risk and outcome assessment. Precision medicine is a hopeful way to develop new treatments based on individual genetic features. Personalized medicine in psychiatric disorder is in the infancy phases, but promising approaches were developed for complex diseases treatment with human genome sequencing.

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder. The etiology of MS is not clear but genetic and epigenetic factors are involved in MS development. Studies have shown that IL7R gene polymorphisms is capable of changing MS susceptibility. We investigated the association of MS with rs11567658, rs11567686 promoter polymorphisms of IL7R gene in western provinces of Iran. In the present study, 187 MS patients and 190 healthy control were evaluated. Polymorphic regions of IL7R promoter were amplified by appropriated primers and polymorphisms were then evaluated by RFLP method followed by validation via Sanger sequencing. Results shown rs11567685 and rs11567686 are significantly associationed with MS (P = 0.017 P = 0.046), significant association of these polymorphism with age was also found (P = 0.002). This study showed that IL7 receptor gene polymorphism has a key role in MS development and may be important opportunity for development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies in context of personalized medicine.

Abstract Introduction: MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is moderated in some human malignancies and is associated with tumor advancement. But, its expression and clinical importance in ovarian carcinoma is still unclear. Thus, the goal of this study was to feature the clinical importance of personalized miR-124 expression in ovarian carcinoma. Methods: 94 women ovarian cancer tissues and 26 normal ovarian tissues were accumulated from patients. We used Real-time PCR to quantify the expression of personalized miR-124 in clinical ovarian carcinoma specimen and normal tissues. Moreover, we measured the miR-124 relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics and the ovarian carcinoma survival. Results: The lesser expression of miR-124 in tumor tissues can be found in compared with normal tissue using PCR method (P < 0.05). Our data exhibited that there is a notable association among low expression of miR-12 and clinical staging of ovarian carcinoma (P = 0.023). Nevertheless, miR-124 expression was not notably associated with age (P = 0. 671), differentiation status (P = 0.512), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.415) and histological subtypes (0.547). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were applied in present study. These tests showed the less expression on patients had markedly short-term survival time in comparison with high expression group (P = 0.022). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that less expression of miR-124 and clinical staging were contribute to short-term survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma. The HR of the low miR-124 expression group was calculated to be 2.532 (95% CI: 1.572-9.237, P = 0.021), (clinical staging HR: 2.532; 95% CI: 1.321-9.241, P = 0.032).
Conclusions: These findings suggested that personalized miR-124 could be considered as an independent prognostic factor for ovarian carcinoma patients. Our findings suggested that low expression of personalized miR-124 has prognostic worthiness in ovarian.

Abstract Nowadays, there has been a considerable advance of personalized medicine on a
scientific basis and clinical demands in cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated
a history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery a strong determinant of inferiority of
organ in cadaveric liver donation. In this study, fate of 14 potential deceased liver
donors with a history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery has been investigated.
This report shows that careful gross and microscopic investigation of the liver is the
key to extract suitable life savior livers from donors with advanced age.

Abstract In recent decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of cancer in the affected communities. However, the growth of therapeutic strategies has been very slow. Conventional diagnosis and subsequent treatment in medical centers originated from pathological based examinations, symptoms, and medications.

Abstract Introduction: Recent scientific promotion reveals that medicine is currently at a transition stage from programmatic to personalized handling on in infectious diseases. Methods: Herrien, this research was performed to evaluation seropositivity for L. monocytogenes based on personalized medicine among the women with and without annals of miscarriage by indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFA). Moreover, the relationship of seropositivity with demographic factors was also investigated. Results: Our outcome showed that 26.92% (35 cases) of women with an involuntary miscarriage were seropositive for L. monocytogenes, while 11% (11 cases) of healthy pregnant women were found positive for L. monocytogenes (P = 0.001). The most case of listeria has been found in age group of 30-35 years old, but no notable difference was found among different groups (P = 0.245). Moreover, there was a considerable association between listeria occurrence and history of abortion when compared with healthy pregnant women (P = 0.001). In addition, early abortion and the number of pregnancy were significantly linked to Listeria- seropositive in patients with spontaneous abortion (P = 0.041; P = 0.034). Conclusions: Further researches are required to appraise the clinical importance of L. monocytogenesin in pregnant women with symptomatic and asymptomatic infection related to personalized medicine.

Abstract Introduction: In this study, we evaluated the Seroepidemiology of T. gondii among470 pregnant women as well as association of infection with socio-demographic factors and risk factors such as age, and education was studied, which makes it a potential therapeutic option for personalized medicine. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 470 pregnant women who presented to health centers from February 2013 to January 2014. Serum samples were prepared via a commercial ELISA kit (Euroimmun, Germany) for the attendance of IgG and IgM toxoplasma antibodies and the avidity of the IgG antibody based on the manufacturer’s protocol. Results: We found 34.4% of Toxoplasma IgG. Among 470 pregnant women, 166 cases positive for IgG antibodies toxoplasma were detected, showing a serum incidence of 35.31% (95% confidence interval 27.8 to 37.06%),and thirty eight (22.89%) out of 166 IgG-positive women revealed specific IgM antibodies. Conclusions: Our data showed that the prevalence of T. gondii infection is not related to age, gestational age, number of pregnancies, history of abortion, contact with soil, life in rural areas and education related to infection. as well as these findings may be of major interest for the select of the first-line anti-infection drug, and the urgent require for developing personalized medicine.