Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract A common and incapacitating condition, chronic pain offers a difficult field of work because of its variability and response to conventional treatments. Genomic and proteomic-based personalized medicine including epigenetic and biomarker information could help to lower treatment variability, so improving diagnosis, phenotypic classification, and individualized approaches to treatment. Recent developments in genetics and pharmacogenetics of pain, pain phenotyping techniques, and the development of focused therapies including epigenetic modulators, peptides, biologics and nanomedicine are underlined in this review. Personalized medicine seeks to match every patient's individual genetic makeup to their course of treatment. It is increasingly accepted that pain chronology involves epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. Furthermore discussed are the value of biomarkers in evaluating therapy response and prognosis as well as ethical, financial, and data availability-related issues. Finally, future directions involve the use of artificial intelligence mixed with multi-omics data for tailored optimal pain management. Adopting these changes can help patients to have less chronic pain and improve the therapeutic outcomes.

Abstract Cancer remains one of humanity's leading causes of both illness and death globally. In women worldwide, breast cancer remains the most widespread malignant condition. The new possibilities for direct treatment offered by the advances made thereby were the subject of the recent study undertaken as it sought to unravel tumorigenesis through genetics and molecular appreciation of cancer. Specifically, this research centers on devising and testing immunotoxins as anti-bacterial toxin-based constructs to treat breast cancer. These immunotoxins can kill cancer cells selectively while leaving normal tissues unharmed as they bind only to cancer cell antigens by using both the specificity of antibodies and bacterial toxins' cytotoxicity power. We assessed immunotoxins' binding affinities to their respective antigens based on computational dockings like HADDOCK explaining encouraging results characterized by good docking scores accompanied by low RMSDs—also, dual targeting approaches combined with structure-based. By developing humanized antibodies and novel targeting moieties, challenges such as immunogenicity and non-specific toxicity have been tackled. Our findings suggest that optimized immunotoxins
have great potential to enhance therapeutic window as well as efficacy in cancer treatments

Abstract Drug resistance in cancer is a major challenge to properly treating malignancy. Therapies aimed at proteins involved in cancer development may become less effective due to acquired resistance to medications, often resulting from mutations as well as heightened expression of the targeted proteins. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) like as phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation are crucial for regulating protein expression levels. PROTACs are engineered to selectively degrade a specific protein of interest (POI) by ubiquitination, resulting in a regulated decrease in the POI’s expression. PROTACs show great potential in targeting hitherto untargetable proteins, such as various transcription factors. PROTACs enhance antitumor immune therapy by specifically modifying certain proteins. Although molecular therapies have advanced, lung cancer remains a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. The management of those with lung cancer is now limited by a lack of targeted therapy choices and the development of acquired drug resistance. Using the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system for directed protein breakdown might enhance individualized treatment for lung cancer patients. This study explores the rationale for using PROTAC therapy as an innovative specific therapy and the current advancements in PROTAC development for lung tumors.