Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal
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A Review Study for the Treatment of Diabetes Using New Biotechnological Methods

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Parinaz Shaqaqi
Nastaran Shojaei-Barjoei

Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22034/pmj.2024.718045
Abstract
 A metabolic disease known as diabetes mellitus (DM) is brought on by a reduction in insulin production and activity. Nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular problems are among the pathological alterations that the body will unavoidably experience as the condition progresses. Type I DM and Type II DM are the two basic subtypes of DM. Oral hypoglycemics are used to treat type II diabetes, while insulin replacement treatment is often used to treat type I diabetes. Insulin secretagogues, biguanides, insulin sensitizers, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, incretin mimetics, amylin antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the main medications used to treat type II diabetes. When first-line oral hypoglycemic medications are not as effective as monotherapy, dual-drug treatments are often advised for patients. Despite the significant therapeutic advantages, traditional dosage forms have a short half-life and varied bioavailability, which require frequent dosing and increased side effects. This may render treatment ineffective and result in patient non-compliance. With the extra benefit of site-specific medication delivery with increased bioavailability and a lower dose regimen, nanotechnology-based techniques are more alluring, given the pathological intricacy of the condition above.
In this review study, we have attempted to examine the biology of type II diabetes, traditional treatment modalities (mono and combination therapy), and drug delivery methods based on nanotechnology.

Keywords

Type II Diabetes mellitus
Monotherapy
Novel drug delivery system
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Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal
Volume 9, Issue 35 - Serial Number 35
Original article
Autumn 2024
Pages 16-22

  • Receive Date 08 August 2024
  • Revise Date 24 October 2024
  • Accept Date 15 November 2024

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