1.Häggström M, Brodin K. The meaning of being conscious during surgery with local or regional anesthesia–A phenomenological hermeneutic study. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances. 2024;7:100224.
2.Aagaard N, Aasvang EK, Meyhoff CS. Discrepancies between Promised and Actual AI Capabilities in the Continuous Vital Sign Monitoring of In-Hospital Patients: A Review of the Current Evidence. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). 2024;24(19).
3.Davoud SC, Kovacheva VP. On the Horizon: Specific Applications of Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology. Current anesthesiology reports. 2023;13(2):31-40.
4.Moran T, Kaye A, Mai A, Bok L. Sedation, Analgesia, and Local Anesthesia: A Review for General and Interventional Radiologists. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2013;33:E47-60.
5.Harfaoui W, Alilou M, El Adib AR, Zidouh S, Zentar A, Lekehal B, et al. Patient Safety in Anesthesiology: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects. Cureus. 2024;16(9):e69540.
6.Rashidi HH, Pantanowitz J, Hanna MG, Tafti AP, Sanghani P, Buchinsky A, et al. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Pathology and Medicine: Generative and Nongenerative Artificial Intelligence Basics. Modern Pathology. 2025;38(4):100688.
7.Kambale M, Jadhav S. Applications of artificial intelligence in anesthesia: A systematic review. Saudi journal of anaesthesia. 2024;18(2):249-56.
8.Singhal M, Gupta L, Hirani K. A Comprehensive Analysis and Review of Artificial Intelligence in Anaesthesia. Cureus. 2023;15(9):e45038.
9.Singh M, Nath G. Artificial intelligence and anesthesia: A narrative review. Saudi journal of anaesthesia. 2022;16(1):86-93.
10.Allam H. Prescribing the Future: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacy. Information [Internet]. 2025; 16(2).
11.Parihar S, Shah P, Sekhar R, Lagoo J. Model Predictive Control and Its Role in Biomedical Therapeutic Automation: A Brief Review. Applied System Innovation [Internet]. 2022; 5(6).
12.Huang L, Huhulea EN, Abraham E, Bienenstock R, Aifuwa E, Hirani R, et al. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Obesity Risk Prediction and Management: Approaches, Insights, and Recommendations. Medicina [Internet]. 2025; 61(2).
13.Singam A. Revolutionizing Patient Care: A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Anesthesia. Cureus. 2023;15(12):e49887.
14.Hashimoto DA, Witkowski E, Gao L, Meireles O, Rosman G. Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology: Current Techniques, Clinical Applications, and Limitations. Anesthesiology. 2020;132(2):379-94.
15.El-Tallawy SN, Pergolizzi JV, Vasiliu-Feltes I, Ahmed RS, LeQuang JK, El-Tallawy HN, et al. Incorporation of “Artificial Intelligence” for Objective Pain Assessment: A Comprehensive Review. Pain and Therapy. 2024;13(3):293-317.
16.Shukla A, Salma A, Patel D, David John J, Kantamneni R, Patel T, et al. Harnessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Anaesthesiology: Enhancing Patient Outcomes and Clinical Efficiency. Cureus. 2024;16(11):e73383.
17.Gaba DM. Anaesthesiology as a model for patient safety in health care. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2000;320(7237):785-8.
18.Novita D, Adikusuma FW, Rohadi N, Wibawa BM, Trisanto A, Defi IR, et al. Development of contactless human vital signs monitoring device with remote-photoplethysmography using adaptive region-of-interest and hybrid processing methods. Intelligence-Based Medicine. 2024;10:100160.
19.Al Kuwaiti A, Nazer K, Al-Reedy A, Al-Shehri S, Al-Muhanna A, Subbarayalu AV, et al. A Review of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. Journal of personalized medicine. 2023;13(6).
20.Michard F, Futier E. Predicting intraoperative hypotension: from hope to hype and back to reality. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2023;131(2):199-201.
21.Al-Anazi S, Al-Omari A, Alanazi S, Marar A, Asad M, Alawaji F, et al. Artificial intelligence in respiratory care: Current scenario and future perspective. Annals of thoracic medicine. 2024;19(2):117-30.
22.Rehouma H, Noumeir R, Essouri S, Jouvet P. Advancements in Methods and Camera-Based Sensors for the Quantification of Respiration. Sensors [Internet]. 2020; 20(24).
23.Michard F, Mulder MP, Gonzalez F, Sanfilippo F. AI for the hemodynamic assessment of critically ill and surgical patients: focus on clinical applications. Annals of intensive care. 2025;15(1):26.
24.Lopes S, Rocha G, Guimarães-Pereira L. Artificial intelligence and its clinical application in Anesthesiology: a systematic review. Journal of clinical monitoring and computing. 2024;38(2):247-59.
25.Cascella M, Tracey MC, Petrucci E, Bignami EG. Exploring Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesia: A Primer on Ethics, and Clinical Applications. Surgeries [Internet]. 2023; 4(2):[264-74 pp.].
26.DiMaria S, Mangano N, Bruzzese A, Bartula B, Parikh S, Costa A. Genetic Variation and Sex-Based Differences: Current Considerations for Anesthetic Management. Current issues in molecular biology. 2025;47(3).
27.Cai X, Wang X, Zhu Y, Yao Y, Chen J. Advances in automated anesthesia: a comprehensive review. Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science. 2025;3(1):3.
28.Wang X, Zhu Y, Yao Y, Chen J. Advances in automated anesthesia: a comprehensive review. Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science. 2025;3.
29.Zeng S, Qing Q, Xu W, Yu S, Zheng M, Tan H, et al. Personalized anesthesia and precision medicine: a comprehensive review of genetic factors, artificial intelligence, and patient-specific factors. Frontiers in medicine. 2024;11:1365524.
30.Zeng S, Qing Q, Xu W, Yu S, Zheng M, Tan H, et al. Personalized anesthesia and precision medicine: a comprehensive review of genetic factors, artificial intelligence, and patient-specific factors. 2024;Volume 11 - 2024.
31.Li S, Liu X, Chen X, Xu H, Zhang Y, Qian W. Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence Preoperative Planning and Patient-Specific Instrumentation System for Total Knee Arthroplasty. Bioengineering [Internet]. 2023; 10(12).
32.Zhang Z, Duan Y, Lin J, Luo W, Lin L, Gao Z. Artificial intelligence in anesthesia: insights from the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics. Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science. 2025;3(1):5.
33.Chellam Singh B, Arulappan J. Operating Room Nurses’ Understanding of Their Roles and Responsibilities for Patient Care and Safety Measures in Intraoperative Practice. SAGE open nursing. 2023;9:23779608231186247.
34.Bekbolatova M, Mayer J, Ong CW, Toma M. Transformative Potential of AI in Healthcare: Definitions, Applications, and Navigating the Ethical Landscape and Public Perspectives. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland). 2024;12(2).
35.Yoon SB, Lee J, Lee H-C, Jung C-W, Lee H. Comparison of NLP machine learning models with human physicians for ASA Physical Status classification. npj Digital Medicine. 2024;7(1):259.
36.Chang JL, Goldberg AN, Alt JA, Mohammed A, Ashbrook L, Auckley D, et al. International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea. International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2023;13(7):1061-482.
37.Maleki Varnosfaderani S, Forouzanfar M. The Role of AI in Hospitals and Clinics: Transforming Healthcare in the 21st Century. Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland). 2024;11(4).
38.Ueda D, Kakinuma T, Fujita S, Kamagata K, Fushimi Y, Ito R, et al. Fairness of artificial intelligence in healthcare: review and recommendations. Japanese journal of radiology. 2024;42(1):3-15.
39.Solanki SL, Pandrowala S, Nayak A, Bhandare M, Ambulkar RP, Shrikhande SV. Artificial intelligence in perioperative management of major gastrointestinal surgeries. World journal of gastroenterology. 2021;27(21):2758-70.
40.Gala D, Behl H, Shah M, Makaryus AN. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Improving Patient Outcomes and Future of Healthcare Delivery in Cardiology: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland). 2024;12(4).
41.Li P, Wang Y, Zhao R, Hao L, Chai W, Jiying C, et al. The Application of artificial intelligence in periprosthetic joint infection. Journal of Advanced Research. 2025.
42.Harrison M, Pellechi J, DuBois S. Updates to Thoracic Procedures: Perioperative Care and Anesthetic Considerations. In: Ng Pellegrino A, Stawicki SP, editors. Updates in Anesthesia - The Operating Room and Beyond. Rijeka: IntechOpen; 2022.
43.Bajwa J, Munir U, Nori A, Williams B. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: transforming the practice of medicine. Future healthcare journal. 2021;8(2):e188-e94.
44.Bekbolatova M, Mayer J, Ong CW, Toma M. Transformative Potential of AI in Healthcare: Definitions, Applications, and Navigating the Ethical Landscape and Public Perspectives. Healthcare [Internet]. 2024; 12(2).
45.Melesse DY, Mekonnen ZA, Kassahun HG, Chekol WB. Evidence based perioperative optimization of patients with obstructive sleep apnea in resource limited areas: A systematic review. International Journal of Surgery Open. 2020;23:23-34.
46.Harris J, Matthews J. Artificial Intelligence: Predicting Perioperative Problems. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005). 2024;85(8):1-4.
47.Bellini V, Russo M, Domenichetti T, Panizzi M, Allai S, Bignami EG. Artificial Intelligence in Operating Room Management. Journal of medical systems. 2024;48(1):19.
48.Tsai F-F, Chang Y-C, Chiu Y-W, Sheu B-C, Hsu M-H, Yeh H-M. Machine Learning Model for Anesthetic Risk Stratification for Gynecologic and Obstetric Patients: Cross-Sectional Study Outlining a Novel Approach for Early Detection. JMIR Form Res. 2024;8:e54097.
49.Myatra SN, Jagiasi BG, Singh NP, Divatia JV. Role of artificial intelligence in haemodynamic monitoring. Indian journal of anaesthesia. 2024;68(1):93-9.
50.Soori M, Arezoo B, Dastres R. Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in advanced robotics, a review. Cognitive Robotics. 2023;3:54-70.
51.LaBoone PA, Marques O. Overview of the future impact of wearables and artificial intelligence in healthcare workflows and technology. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights. 2024;4(2):100294.
52.Zahradka N, Geoghan S, Watson H, Goldberg E, Wolfberg A, Wilkes M. Assessment of Remote Vital Sign Monitoring and Alarms in a Real-World Healthcare at Home Dataset. Bioengineering [Internet]. 2023; 10(1).
53.Tsvetanov F. Integrating AI Technologies into Remote Monitoring Patient Systems. Engineering Proceedings [Internet]. 2024; 70(1).
54.Montomoli J, Hilty MP, Ince C. Artificial intelligence in intensive care: moving towards clinical decision support systems. Minerva anestesiologica. 2022;88(12):1066-72.
55.Fernandes CO, Miles S, Lucena CJP, Cowan D. Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Coping with Alarm Fatigue in Hospital Environments Because of Sensory Overload: Algorithm Development and Validation. Journal of medical Internet research. 2019;21(11):e15406.
56.Visco V, Izzo C, Mancusi C, Rispoli A, Tedeschi M, Virtuoso N, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Hypertension Management: An Ace up Your Sleeve. Journal of cardiovascular development and disease. 2023;10(2).
57.Chen J, Ren W, Liu J, Fu Z, Yao Y, Chen X, et al. Feasibility of intelligent drug control in the maintenance phase of general anesthesia based on convolutional neural network. Heliyon. 2023;9(1):e12481.
58.Collins C, Dennehy D, Conboy K, Mikalef P. Artificial intelligence in information systems research: A systematic literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Information Management. 2021;60:102383.
59.Ivascu R, Torsin LI, Hostiuc L, Nitipir C, Corneci D, Dutu M. The Surgical Stress Response and Anesthesia: A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine [Internet]. 2024; 13(10).
60.Chalasani SH, Syed J, Ramesh M, Patil V, Pramod Kumar TM. Artificial intelligence in the field of pharmacy practice: A literature review. Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy. 2023;12:100346.
61.Qahwaji R, Ashankyty I, Sannan NS, Hazzazi MS, Basabrain AA, Mobashir M. Pharmacogenomics: A Genetic Approach to Drug Development and Therapy. Pharmaceuticals [Internet]. 2024; 17(7).
62.Ahmed S, Zhou Z, Zhou J, Chen SQ. Pharmacogenomics of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters: Relevance to Precision Medicine. Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics. 2016;14(5):298-313.
63.Hoshijima H, Miyazaki T, Mitsui Y, Omachi S, Yamauchi M, Mizuta K. Machine learning-based identification of the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults. PloS one. 2024;19(8):e0308755.
64.Sahu M, Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Chapter Three - Artificial intelligence and machine learning in precision medicine: A paradigm shift in big data analysis. In: Teplow DB, editor. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science. 190: Academic Press; 2022. p. 57-100.
65.Xie BH, Li TT, Ma FT, Li QJ, Xiao QX, Xiong LL, et al. Artificial intelligence in anesthesiology: a bibliometric analysis. Perioperative medicine (London, England). 2024;13(1):121.
66.Liao Y, Thompson C, Peterson S, Mandrola J, Beg MS. The Future of Wearable Technologies and Remote Monitoring in Health Care. American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. 2019;39:115-21.
67.Le KDR, Tay SBP, Choy KT, Verjans J, Sasanelli N, Kong JCH. Applications of natural language processing tools in the surgical journey. Frontiers in surgery. 2024;11:1403540.
68.Antoniadi AM, Du Y, Guendouz Y, Wei L, Mazo C, Becker BA, et al. Current Challenges and Future Opportunities for XAI in Machine Learning-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems: A Systematic Review. Applied Sciences [Internet]. 2021; 11(11).
69.Komasawa N. Transformative Landscape of Anesthesia Education: Simulation, AI Integration, and Learner-Centric Reforms: A Narrative Review. Anesthesia Research [Internet]. 2024; 1(1):[34-43 pp.].
70.Ouanes K, Farhah N. Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Clinical Decision Support Systems and Care Delivery. Journal of medical systems. 2024;48(1):74.
71.Li Y, Wang M, Wang L, Cao Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, et al. Advances in the Application of AI Robots in Critical Care: Scoping Review. Journal of medical Internet research. 2024;26.
72.Meyer LM, Stead S, Salge TO, Antons D. Artificial intelligence in acute care: A systematic review, conceptual synthesis, and research agenda. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2024;206:123568.