Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract Background and purpose: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in which inflammation plays an essential role in its pathophysiology. One of the secondary effects of asthma is depression, which is probably due to overlapping pathogenic mechanisms. One of the important mechanisms in the treatment of depression and asthma is to pay attention to removing inflammation and reducing oxidative stress. Purslane exerts its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through NFqB and NOS pathways. This study aims to investigate the effect of the aqueous-alcoholic extract of the purslane plant on depression caused by experimental asthma using an Open Field Test and Forced Swimming Test in small laboratory mice.
Materials and methods: To investigate the aqueous-alcoholic extract of the purslane plant on depression caused by experimental asthma, 40 Syrian NMRI male mice were divided into 4 groups: control, asthmatic, and asthmatic receiving the extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Syrian mice were injected and inhaled ovalbumin to develop asthma, and the control group received PBS solution in the same way. The treated groups received the extract at the same time as asthma induction.
Results: The results show that depression symptoms increased significantly after asthma induction. These symptoms were significantly reduced after the administration of purslane extract in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicated a significant increase in depression in the asthmatic group samples compared to the control group and also a significant decrease in depression in the groups treated with purslane extract compared to the asthmatic group.

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is profoundly transforming healthcare, with its impact becoming increasingly evident across various medical disciplines. The most promising and novel applications of AI are found in anesthesiology, where it is enhancing patient safety, clinical decision-making, and individualized care practices. Anesthesiologists face the complex task of maintaining anesthetic stability throughout surgical procedures, where even variations in patient parameters can lead to adverse outcomes. In this context, AI is emerging as a powerful tool that enhances the precision and effectiveness of anesthetic operations.
The function of AI in anesthesiology includes several essential areas, such as improving operating room safety and tailoring medication dosages to the specific needs of individual patients. AI systems employ advanced machine learning algorithms to examine vast data from real-time physiological monitoring devices, such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. These devices can detect subtle changes in vital signs, providing early warnings of potential outcomes and supplying clinicians with evidence-based treatment alternatives.
Moreover, AI is substantially enhancing the personalization of anesthetic administration. By evaluating patient-specific characteristics, including demographics, medical history, and genetic predispositions, AI systems can predict optimal medication dosages, mitigating risks of under- or overdose and enhancing recovery times. Furthermore, AI-driven predictive analytics can forecast patient-specific risks, including the likelihood of adverse reactions or postoperative complications, allowing anesthesiologists to execute preventive measures.
This research aims to analyze the various ways in which AI is enhancing anesthesiology, encompassing sophisticated monitoring systems, predictive tools, and personalized treatment strategies. The advancement of AI significantly enhances anesthetic treatments, promising safer, more efficient, and highly tailored patient care in both surgical and non-surgical contexts.

Abstract Background:
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii, have increased in healthcare systems, particularly in the Middle East. This bacterium is notoriously resistant to various medications, complicating disease therapy. The proliferation of XDR bacteria and the decline of effective antibiotics threaten patient safety and healthcare efficiency.
Objectives:
This study addresses the issues associated with MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in hospitals, especially in the Middle East. It examines the bacterium's epidemiology, molecular resistance mechanisms, clinical problems, and innovative treatment approaches. The research employs novel epidemiological data, molecular insights, and enhanced infection control strategies to comprehend the evolution of this issue and its management.
Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive study by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for research published from 2010 to 2024. The investigation identified Middle Eastern research regarding the prevalence, resistance mechanisms, clinical care, and patient outcomes of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii. This study offers a comprehensive perspective on the escalating threat posed by this disease and its ramifications for regional healthcare professionals through the integration of qualitative and quantitative data.
Results:
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is common in 60–70% of Middle Eastern intensive care units and kills 40–50%. OXA-type carbapenemases, ESBLs, MBLs, efflux pump overexpression, target site changes, and biofilm formation make the bacterium resistant. We also found novel resistance determinants including bla_OXA-235 and regulatory gene alterations like adeRS. Overcrowded hospitals, long stays, antibiotic overuse, and poor infection control aggravate this issue. However, these issues are being fixed. Modern molecular diagnosis, ultraviolet disinfection, and genetic surveillance reduce these diseases.
Conclusions:
Increasing MDR Acinetobacter baumannii prevalence in the Middle East presents a difficult challenge that requires a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach. This pathogen's hazards can be reduced by improved antimicrobial stewardship, infection control, regional surveillance, and therapeutic development.

Abstract This review synthesizes and elaborates on current studies examining the neurotoxic effects of microplastics, emphasizing their mechanisms of entry into the central nervous system and their possible involvement in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. The pervasive presence of microplastics in the environment has heightened concerns about their accumulation in biological systems, particularly their capacity to traverse biological boundaries and engage with neuronal tissues. This article seeks to synthesize and critically evaluate the existing scientific literature on microplastic neuroinvasion, concentrating on the mechanisms through which these particles penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) specifically via transcellular, paracellular, or Trojan horse pathways—and their ensuing effects on neuronal homeostasis.

We investigate the physiological and molecular reactions triggered by microplastics, encompassing oxidative stress induction, mitochondrial failure, neuroinflammation, and synaptic disruption. These pathogenic processes may facilitate the onset and advancement of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, by intensifying amyloid-beta aggregation, tau phosphorylation, and neuroimmune activation. Additionally, we examine the burgeoning epidemiological and experimental evidence associating microplastic exposure with cognitive deterioration and neuronal impairment.

This review offers a thorough analysis of microplastic neurotoxicity by evaluating both in vitro and in vivo studies, with the objective of elucidating the potential neurological hazards associated with these environmental contaminants. We emphasize significant deficiencies in existing research and propose future avenues, encompassing enhanced detection techniques, public health initiatives, and efforts to reduce human exposure to microplastics.

Abstract Pharmacogenomics is a relatively new subject that utilizes genomics and pharmacology to investigate the ways in which genetic variants influence individual responses to treatment with pharmaceuticals. A departure from the conventional "one-size-fits-all" treatment strategy is marked by the advent of pharmacogenomics, which makes it possible to tailor pharmacological regimens to the specific genetic profile of an individual. Significant improvements in pharmacological efficacy, reductions in adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and assistance in the development of drugs that are both safe and effective for a wide range of conditions are all possible outcomes of this domain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prospective results of pharmacogenomics, with a particular emphasis on the function it plays in the process of drug development and its incorporation into personalized medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the genetic characteristics that influence the metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity of drugs, as well as to investigate the regulatory framework that is associated with pharmacogenomics testing. This paper provides a synopsis of the most important genes that are involved in pharmacogenomic responses, as well as a discussion of the potential difficulties that may arise in their practical use and the anticipated breakthroughs in this area of study.

Abstract Hysterectomy, the surgical excision of the uterus, has historically been fundamental in the management of gynecologic malignancies, encompassing endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Traditionally, hysterectomy has been executed via open abdominal surgery, a method that, although efficacious, frequently leads to extended recovery periods, heightened risk of complications, and greater psychological and physical strain for patients. In recent decades, substantial breakthroughs in surgical techniques and technology have fundamentally transformed the approach to these treatments, resulting in enhanced clinical outcomes, diminished complications, and expedited recovery periods. This study examines recent advancements in hysterectomy techniques, particularly highlighting the rise of minimally invasive approaches, including laparoscopic, robotic-assisted, and vaginal hysterectomy. These methods, characterized by smaller incisions and improved vision, are linked to many benefits, such as less blood loss, abbreviated hospital stays, and expedited resumption of normal activities. Furthermore, we examine the technical innovations that have significantly enhanced surgical precision, including 3D imaging, intraoperative molecular imaging, and real-time navigation systems.
These innovations have not only enhanced the effectiveness of treatment but have also contributed to a better overall quality of life for patients by reducing postoperative pain, minimizing scarring, and offering quicker recovery. Moreover, the psychological and emotional strains associated with cancer surgery, such as anxiety and body image concerns, are mitigated by less invasive techniques, resulting in enhanced patient satisfaction. Through this comprehensive analysis, the review highlights the transformative role of these technological and surgical advancements in gynecologic cancer treatment. These advancements enhance the precision and results of hysterectomy, reducing the long-term physical and psychological difficulties typically linked to cancer procedures, ultimately leading to improved treatment experiences and increased survival rates.