Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract Chronic inflammation is a pivotal element in the onset and advancement of cancer. It is crucial in tumor initiation, survival, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. This study seeks to thoroughly examine the intricate relationship between inflammation and cancer, emphasizing the role of inflammatory processes in tumor formation and their influence on cancer therapy responses. We will investigate the molecular processes behind inflammation-induced cancer progression, analyze how inflammation affects metastasis, and assess its effects on the effectiveness of treatments like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Furthermore, we will investigate prospective therapeutic approaches for addressing inflammation in cancer treatment, emphasizing the necessity for specific modulation to enhance treatment efficacy while mitigating adverse consequences such as immune suppression or heightened infection risk. The report finishes with a discussion on prospective research avenues focused on optimizing inflammation-targeting techniques to augment the efficacy of cancer therapies and better patient outcomes. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of inflammation’s dual role in cancer could pave the way for innovative, more personalized treatment strategies that improve survival and quality of life for patients.

Abstract Precision nutrition is now feasible thanks to recent developments in genomic and multi-omic technology, which have significantly changed our understanding of the complex interactions between nutrition, genetics, and health.Sometimes shortened to nutrigenetics, epigenetics, metagenomics, and nutrigenomics, nutritional genomics is the study of how environmental influences, gut flora, genetic variants, and gene expression affect food responses and illness risk. This new work offers significant fresh ideas for modifying diets to fit traditional food systems, cultural conventions, and personal genetic profiles. Diet evolution aims to solve the flaws in the "one-diet-fits-all" approach in view of the worldwide increase in chronic diseases. Variations in genes and cultural standards call into doubt the health advantages of often advised diets, including the Mediterranean model, when considered in specific communities. Customized diet regimens aimed at enhancing health should take into account lifestyle, regional cuisine, microbiome variety, genetic inheritance, and other elements. Combining traditional cooking skills with modern scientific information provides a culturally sensitive, environmentally friendly, and effective method to prevent diseases and promote long-term health improvement as is becoming the case in public health strategies.

Abstract The human microbiome, consisting of trillions of microorganisms living in and on the body, plays a critical role in maintaining physiological balance and health. Recent advancements in microbiome research have demonstrated its profound influence on immune function, metabolic regulation, and disease pathogenesis. Personalized therapies that integrate the microbiome into treatment strategies have emerged as a promising approach to optimize patient outcomes. This review explores the current understanding of the microbiome’s role in immune and metabolic regulation and highlights emerging approaches for incorporating microbiome-based interventions into personalized therapy regimens. We discuss the potential of microbiome modulation to enhance immune responses, improve metabolic health, and provide novel therapeutic options for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
 

Abstract  Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are characterized by the immune system’s maladaptive response against self-antigens, culminating in chronic inflammation and progressive tissue damage. Although genetic predisposition establishes baseline susceptibility, environmental pollutants—such as heavy metals, pesticides, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and industrial chemicals—are increasingly recognized as pivotal triggers of immune dysregulation. These xenobiotics induce oxidative stress, disrupt immune tolerance by impairing regulatory T-cell function, and modulate critical signaling pathways including NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK-STAT. Epidemiological studies corroborate associations between pollutant exposure and heightened incidence or severity of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes. This review synthesizes molecular, cellular, and population-based evidence to elucidate the mechanisms by which environmental pollution contributes to the onset and progression of AIDs.

Abstract A common and incapacitating condition, chronic pain offers a difficult field of work because of its variability and response to conventional treatments. Genomic and proteomic-based personalized medicine including epigenetic and biomarker information could help to lower treatment variability, so improving diagnosis, phenotypic classification, and individualized approaches to treatment. Recent developments in genetics and pharmacogenetics of pain, pain phenotyping techniques, and the development of focused therapies including epigenetic modulators, peptides, biologics and nanomedicine are underlined in this review. Personalized medicine seeks to match every patient's individual genetic makeup to their course of treatment. It is increasingly accepted that pain chronology involves epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. Furthermore discussed are the value of biomarkers in evaluating therapy response and prognosis as well as ethical, financial, and data availability-related issues. Finally, future directions involve the use of artificial intelligence mixed with multi-omics data for tailored optimal pain management. Adopting these changes can help patients to have less chronic pain and improve the therapeutic outcomes.

Abstract Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study investigates the association of MMP2 (rs7201) and MMP9 (rs17576) polymorphisms with PTC risk and clinical characteristics, aiming to inform personalized medicine approaches.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 210 PTC patients and 210 controls. Genotype frequencies were analyzed using Chi-Square tests, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Associations with clinical characteristics (T Status, N Status, Stage) were assessed in PTC patients.
Results: The MMP2 rs7201 CC genotype was significantly associated with increased PTC risk (OR = 3.524, 95% CI = 1.809–6.867, p = 0.001) and advanced T Status (T3: 48.6%, p = 0.029), but not with N Status (p = 0.509) or Stage (p = 0.461). The C allele was more frequent in cases (44%) than controls (32%) (OR = 1.590, p = 0.001). Conversely, MMP9 rs17576 showed no association with PTC risk (GG: OR = 0.727, p = 0.277) or clinical characteristics (p > 0.05). Both polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls.
Conclusion: The MMP2 rs7201 CC genotype and C allele are associated with increased PTC risk and tumor progression, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for personalized risk stratification. These findings support genotype-based screening to identify high-risk PTC patients, enabling tailored surveillance and therapeutic strategies. Further studies are needed to validate these associations and explore their utility in precision medicine.