Personalized and Precision Medicine Journal

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long‐term disease that is frequently progressive and affects the central nervous system (CNS). This in turn breaks down the myelin sheath the protective covering around nerve fibers. Damage to myelin leads to a breakdown in nerve communication and can cause a number of neurological conditions. This study examines recent approaches towards increasing remyelination in the multiple sclerosis (MS) population as the protection of oligodendrocytes and promotion of remyelination are essential therapeutic goals. Materials and methods: A search was performed in national and international databases with the use of specific keywords. This search resulted in the identification of 235 articles, on “remyelination” and “multiple sclerosis”. Seventy articles were included in this review from 2000 up to 2020. These findings lead to the conclusion that already established immunomodulatory therapies have some benefits for reduction of myelin breakdown, but are rather poor at promoting remyelination, most notably in progressive MS.Controversially during the last years a change has been made towards compounds targeting (symptomatic) inflammation as well as remyelination. These interventions may optimize function and may promote axonal conduction. These strategies, including stem cell therapy, growth factors, small molecules and gene therapies hold promise in future treatment of MS. Not only are they trying to stop further loss of myelin, but also attempt to repair what damage has already been done.

Abstract 3D bioprinting is a breakthrough fabrication technology in regenerative medicine It offers great promise for fabricating hierarchical and heterogeneous tissues and organs with similar architecture as those of the natural ones. This review discusses recent advances in 3D bioprinting and the progress made for fabricating functional tissues, which have regenerative therapy applications. We cover the development of bioprinting methodologies, bioink composition and optimization, and incorporation of cellular and molecular signals for improving tissue function. An overview of the literature on key applications in skin, cartilage, bone and cardiovascular tissues is provided, including both preclinical achievements and clinical barriers/goals. In addition, we also talk about the contribution of bioprinted tissues for drug screening, disease modelling and personalized medicine. Regulatory and ethical aspects associated with the clinical translation of bioprinted tissues are also highlighted in this review. We present an up-to-date analysis of the recent literature (including studies from Nature, The Lancet, and BMC) as well as a data-rich viewpoint on 3D bioprinting to date in regenerative medicine.

Abstract Antibiotics are widely accessible. Nevertheless, food-borne bacteria exhibit a vast array of resistance. Utilizing natural ingredients like chitosan and chitosan-cefixime nanoparticles, which have potent antibacterial qualities, in conjunction with innovative technologies like chitosan loaded with antibiotics, the present research seeks to combat germs that are resistant to many drugs. Five strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were utilized to determine antibiotic resistance. The antibacterial properties of free cefixime and chitosan-cefixime nanoparticles were evaluated against strains of harmful bacteria. The findings demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7 comparatively had significant resistance to many antibiotics.
On the other hand, c chitosan-cefixime nanoparticles showed strong antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7, but free cefixime did not demonstrate any inhibitory zone. When compared to strains 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of E. coli O157:H7, the inhibition zones of chitosan-cefixime nanoparticles were 23.3 mm, 19.8 mm, 16.9 mm, 18.2 mm, and 22.4 mm, respectively. According to the results, chitosan-cefixime nanoparticles have better antibacterial action against dangerous pathogens than free cefixime. Therefore, using chitosan-cefixime nanoparticles for food preservation could be suggested.

Abstract Rheumatic inflammatory diseases, besides affecting joints and other bodily systems, are linked to heightened mortality and morbidity. Cardiovascular reasons are among the most prevalent mortality factors in individuals with these disorders, attributable to the disease's etiology and pathophysiology, chronic inflammation, and the pharmacological treatments employed. Although rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, and gout exhibit distinct pathophysiology and symptoms, persistent inflammation remains their shared pathophysiological characteristic. Metabolic syndrome has recently been linked to several of these disorders. The investigation of metabolic syndrome in inflammatory rheumatic diseases is significant for multiple reasons, including its correlation with cardiovascular disease onset, the emergence of a pre-inflammatory condition, treatment selection, and associated monitoring. This review article initially explores the significance of metabolic syndrome in rheumatic diseases, followed by a detailed analysis of each condition individually. This study concludes, through a review of previous studies, that abdominal obesity in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus patients, abdominal obesity and hypertension in psoriatic arthritis patients, and hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension in gout are significant elements of metabolic syndrome warranting increased focus.

Abstract Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly prevalent virus responsible for several types of cancers, including cervical, throat, and anogenital cancers. Early detection and diagnosis are crucial for preventing the progression of HPV-related diseases. In this study, we introduce a new approach based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) method to identify viral DNA, was designed for the conserved region of the L1 gene sequence in high-risk genotypes 16, 18, 31 and 33. In order to create suitable temperature conditions for the attachment and also to identify the fluorescent signal, real time PCR device was used. The results of the specificity test showed 100% specificity and the limit of detection level of the method was reported to be 1000 copies/µl of the virus in the sample. The results of clinical sensitivity in the range of 86-96% between deferent genotype and the rate of false negative results was in the range of 14-22%. Based on this, it can be said that maybe the developed method cannot be proposed as a suitable alternative, but due to the response time and lower cost, it can be proposed as a quick screening method.

Abstract Chronic inflammation is a pivotal element in the onset and advancement of cancer. It is crucial in tumor initiation, survival, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. This study seeks to thoroughly examine the intricate relationship between inflammation and cancer, emphasizing the role of inflammatory processes in tumor formation and their influence on cancer therapy responses. We will investigate the molecular processes behind inflammation-induced cancer progression, analyze how inflammation affects metastasis, and assess its effects on the effectiveness of treatments like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Furthermore, we will investigate prospective therapeutic approaches for addressing inflammation in cancer treatment, emphasizing the necessity for specific modulation to enhance treatment efficacy while mitigating adverse consequences such as immune suppression or heightened infection risk. The report finishes with a discussion on prospective research avenues focused on optimizing inflammation-targeting techniques to augment the efficacy of cancer therapies and better patient outcomes. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of inflammation’s dual role in cancer could pave the way for innovative, more personalized treatment strategies that improve survival and quality of life for patients.